Homer The Odyssey Robert Fagles Pdf File
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1 HOMER THE ODYSSEY TRANSLATED BY Robert Fagles
2 Book I Athena Inspires the Prince Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy. Many cities of men he saw and learned their minds, many pains he suffered, heartsick on the open sea, fighting to save his life and bring his comrades home. But he could not save them from disaster, hard as he strove the recklessness of their own ways destroyed them all, the blind fools, they devoured the cattle of the Sun and the Sungod blotted out the day of their return. Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus, start from where you will sing for our time too. By now, all the survivors, all who avoided headlong death were safe at home, escaped the wars and waves.
3 But one man alone his heart set on his wife and his return Calypso, the bewitching nymph, the lustrous goddess, held him back, deep in her arching caverns, craving him for a husband. But then, when the wheeling seasons brought the year around, that year spun out by the gods when he should reach his home, Ithaca though not even there would he be free of trials, even among his loved ones then every god took pity, all except Poseidon. He raged on, seething against the great Odysseus till he reached his native land. But now Poseidon had gone to visit the Ethiopians worlds away, Ethiopians off at the farthest limits of mankind, a people split in two, one part where the Sungod sets and part where the Sungod rises. There Poseidon went to receive an offering, bulls and rams by the hundred far away at the feast the Sea-lord sat and took his pleasure. But the other gods, at home in Olympian Zeus s halls, met for full assembly there, and among them now the father of men and gods was first to speak, sorely troubled, remembering handsome Aegisthus, the man Agamemnon s son, renowned Orestes, killed. Recalling Aegisthus, Zeus harangued the immortal powers: Ah how shameless the way these mortals blame the gods. From us alone, they say, come all their miseries, yes, but they themselves, with their own reckless ways, compound their pains beyond their proper share. Look at Aegisthus now above and beyond his share he stole Atrides wife, he murdered the warlord coming home from Troy though he knew it meant his own total ruin. Far in advance we told him so ourselves, dispatching the guide, the giant-killer Hermes. Don t murder the man, he said, don t court his wife. Beware, revenge will come from Orestes, Agamemnon s son, that day he comes of age and longs for his native land. So Hermes warned, with all the good will in the world,
4 but would Aegisthus hardened heart give way? Now he pays the price all at a single stroke. And sparkling-eyed Athena drove the matter home: Father, son of Cronus, our high and mighty king, surely he goes down to a death he earned in full! Let them all die so, all who do such things. But my heart breaks for Odysseus, that seasoned veteran cursed by fate so long far from his loved ones still, he suffers torments off on a wave-washed island rising at the center of the seas. A dark wooded island, and there a goddess makes her home, daughter of Atlas, wicked Titan who sounds the deep in all its depths, whose shoulders lift on high the colossal pillars thrusting earth and sky apart. Atlas daughter it is who holds Odysseus captive, luckless man despite his tears, forever trying to spellbind his heart with suave, seductive words and wipe all thought of Ithaca from his mind. But he, straining for no more than a glimpse of hearth-smoke drifting up from his own land, Odysseus longs to die Olympian Zeus, have you no care for him in your lofty heart? Did he never win your favor with sacrifices burned beside the ships on the broad plain of Troy? Why, Zeus, why so dead set against Odysseus? My child, Zeus who marshals the thunderheads replied, what nonsense you let slip through your teeth. Now, how on earth could I forget Odysseus? Great Odysseus who excels all men in wisdom, excels in offerings too he gives the immortal gods who rule the vaulting skies? No, it s the Earth-Shaker, Poseidon, unappeased, forever fuming against him for the Cyclops whose giant eye he blinded: godlike Polyphemus, towering over all the Cyclops clans in power.
5 The nymph Thoosa bore him, daughter of Phorcys, lord of the barren salt sea she met Poseidon once in his vaulted caves and they made love. And now for his blinded son the earthquake god though he won t quite kill Odysseus drives him far off course from native land. But come, all of us here put heads together now, work out his journey home so Odysseus can return. Lord Poseidon, I trust, will let his anger go. How can he stand his ground against the will of all the gods at once one god alone? Athena, her eyes flashing bright, exulted, Father, son of Cronus, our high and mighty king! If now it really pleases the blissful gods that wise Odysseus shall return home at last let us dispatch the guide and giant-killer Hermes down to Ogygia Island, down to announce at once to the nymph with lovely braids our fixed decree: Odysseus journeys home the exile must return! While I myself go down to Ithaca, rouse his son to a braver pitch, inspire his heart with courage to summon the flowing-haired Achaeans to full assembly, speak his mind to all those suitors, slaughtering on and on his droves of sheep and shambling longhorn cattle. Next I will send him off to Sparta and sandy Pylos, there to learn of his dear father s journey home. Perhaps he will hear some news and make his name throughout the mortal world. So Athena vowed and under her feet she fastened the supple sandals, ever-glowing gold, that wing her over the waves and boundless earth with the rush of gusting winds. She seized the rugged spear tipped with a bronze point weighted, heavy, the massive shaft she wields to break the lines of heroes the mighty Father s daughter storms against. And down she swept from Olympus craggy peaks and lit on Ithaca, standing tall at Odysseus gates,
6 the threshold of his court. Gripping her bronze spear, she looked for all the world like a stranger now, like Mentes, lord of the Taphians. There she found the swaggering suitors, just then amusing themselves with rolling dice before the doors, lounging on hides of oxen they had killed themselves. While heralds and brisk attendants bustled round them, some at the mixing-bowls, mulling wine and water, others wiping the tables down with sopping sponges, setting them out in place, still other servants jointed and carved the great sides of meat. First by far to see her was Prince Telemachus, sitting among the suitors, heart obsessed with grief. He could almost see his magnificent father, here in the mind s eye if only he might drop from the clouds and drive these suitors all in a rout throughout the halls and regain his pride of place and rule his own domains! Daydreaming so as he sat among the suitors, he glimpsed Athena now and straight to the porch he went, mortified that a guest might still be standing at the doors. Pausing beside her there, he clasped her right hand and relieving her at once of her long bronze spear, met her with winged words: Greetings, stranger! Here in our house you ll find a royal welcome. Have supper first, then tell us what you need. He led the way and Pallas Athena followed. Once in the high-roofed hall, he took her lance and fixed it firm in a burnished rack against a sturdy pillar, there where row on row of spears, embattled Odysseus spears, stood stacked and waiting. Then he escorted her to a high, elaborate chair of honor, over it draped a cloth, and here he placed his guest with a stool to rest her feet. But for himself he drew up a low reclining chair beside her, richly painted, clear of the press of suitors,
7 concerned his guest, offended by their uproar, might shrink from food in the midst of such a mob. He hoped, what s more, to ask him about his long-lost father. A maid brought water soon in a graceful golden pitcher and over a silver basin tipped it out so they might rinse their hands, then pulled a gleaming table to their side. A staid housekeeper brought on bread to serve them, appetizers aplenty too, lavish with her bounty. A carver lifted platters of meat toward them, meats of every sort, and set beside them golden cups and time and again a page came round and poured them wine. But now the suitors trooped in with all their swagger and took their seats on low and high-backed chairs. Heralds poured water over their hands for rinsing, serving maids brought bread heaped high in trays and the young men brimmed the mixing-bowls with wine. They reached out for the good things that lay at hand, and when they d put aside desire for food and drink the suitors set their minds on other pleasures, song and dancing, all that crowns a feast. A herald placed an ornate lyre in Phemius hands, the bard who always performed among them there; they forced the man to sing. A rippling prelude and no sooner had he struck up his rousing song than Telemachus, head close to Athena s sparkling eyes, spoke low to his guest so no one else could hear: Dear stranger, would you be shocked by what I say? Look at them over there. Not a care in the world, just lyres and tunes! Easy for them, all right, they feed on another s goods and go scot-free a man whose white bones lie strewn in the rain somewhere, rotting away on land or rolling down the ocean s salty swells. But that man if they caught sight of him home in Ithaca, by god, they d all pray to be faster on their feet than richer in bars of gold and heavy robes.
8 But now, no use, he s died a wretched death. No comfort s left for us not even if someone, somewhere, says he s coming home. The day of his return will never dawn. Enough. Tell me about yourself now, clearly, point by point. Who are you? where are you from? your city? your parents? What sort of vessel brought you? Why did the sailors land you here in Ithaca? Who did they say they are? I hardly think you came this way on foot! And tell me this for a fact I need to know is this your first time here? Or are you a friend of father s, a guest from the old days? Once, crowds of other men would come to our house on visits visitor that he was, when he walked among the living. Her eyes glinting, goddess Athena answered, My whole story, of course, I ll tell it point by point. Wise old Anchialus was my father. My own name is Mentes, lord of the Taphian men who love their oars. And here I ve come, just now, with ship and crew, sailing the wine-dark sea to foreign ports of call, to Temese, out for bronze our cargo gleaming iron. Our ship lies moored off farmlands far from town, riding in Rithron Cove, beneath Mount Nion s woods. As for the ties between your father and myself, we ve been friends forever, I m proud to say, and he would bear me out if you went and questioned old lord Laertes. He, I gather, no longer ventures into town but lives a life of hardship, all to himself, off on his farmstead with an aged serving-woman who tends him well, who gives him food and drink when weariness has taken hold of his withered limbs from hauling himself along his vineyard s steep slopes. And now I ve come and why? I heard that he was back your father, that is. But no, the gods thwart his passage. Yet I tell you great Odysseus is not dead. He s still alive,
9 somewhere in this wide world, held captive, out at sea on a wave-washed island, and hard men, savages, somehow hold him back against his will. Wait, I ll make you a prophecy, one the immortal gods have planted in my mind it will come true, I think, though I m hardly a seer or know the flights of birds. He won t be gone long from the native land he loves, not even if iron shackles bind your father down. He s plotting a way to journey home at last; he s never at a loss. But come, please, tell me about yourself now, point by point. You re truly Odysseus son? You ve sprung up so! Uncanny resemblance the head, and the fine eyes I see him now. How often we used to meet in the old days before he embarked for Troy, where other Argive captains, all the best men, sailed in the long curved ships. From then to this very day I ve not set eyes on Odysseus or he on me. And young Telemachus cautiously replied, I ll try, my friend, to give you a frank answer. Mother has always told me I m his son, it s true, but I am not so certain. Who, on his own, has ever really known who gave him life? Would to god I d been the son of a happy man whom old age overtook in the midst of his possessions! Now, think of the most unlucky mortal ever born since you ask me, yes, they say I am his son. Still, the clear-eyed goddess reassured him, trust me, the gods have not marked out your house for such an unsung future, not if Penelope has borne a son like you. But tell me about all this and spare me nothing. What s this banqueting, this crowd carousing here? And what part do you play yourself? Some wedding-feast,
10 some festival? Hardly a potluck supper, I would say. How obscenely they lounge and swagger here, look, gorging in your house. Why, any man of sense who chanced among them would be outraged, seeing such behavior. Ready Telemachus took her up at once: Well, my friend, seeing you want to probe and press the question, once this house was rich, no doubt, beyond reproach when the man you mentioned still lived here, at home. Now the gods have reversed our fortunes with a vengeance wiped that man from the earth like no one else before. I would never have grieved so much about his death if he d gone down with comrades off in Troy or died in the arms of loved ones, once he had wound down the long coil of war. Then all united Achaea would have raised his tomb and he d have won his son great fame for years to come. But now the whirlwinds have ripped him away, no fame for him! He s lost and gone now out of sight, out of mind and I he s left me tears and grief. Nor do I rack my heart and grieve for him alone. No longer. Now the gods have invented other miseries to plague me. Listen. All the nobles who rule the islands round about, Dulichion, and Same, and wooded Zacynthus too, and all who lord it in rocky Ithaca as well down to the last man they court my mother, they lay waste my house! And mother she neither rejects a marriage she despises nor can she bear to bring the courting to an end while they continue to bleed my household white. Soon you wait they ll grind me down as well. Shameful! brimming with indignation, Pallas Athena broke out. Oh how much you need Odysseus, gone so long how he d lay hands on all these brazen suitors! If only he would appear, now,
11 at his house s outer gates and take his stand, armed with his helmet, shield and pair of spears, as strong as the man I glimpsed that first time in our own house, drinking wine and reveling there just come in from Ephyra, visiting Ilus, Mermerus son. Odysseus sailed that way, you see, in his swift trim ship, hunting deadly poison to smear on his arrows bronze heads. Ilus refused he feared the wrath of the everlasting gods but father, so fond of him, gave him all he wanted. If only that Odysseus sported with these suitors, a blood wedding, a quick death would take the lot! True, but all lies in the lap of the great gods, whether or not he ll come and pay them back, here, in his own house. But you, I urge you, think how to drive these suitors from your halls. Come now, listen closely. Take my words to heart. At daybreak summon the island s lords to full assembly, give your orders to all and call the gods to witness: tell the suitors to scatter, each to his own place. As for your mother, if the spirit moves her to marry, let her go back to her father s house, a man of power. Her kin will arrange the wedding, provide the gifts, the array that goes with a daughter dearly loved. For you, I have some good advice, if only you will accept it. Fit out a ship with twenty oars, the best in sight, sail in quest of news of your long-lost father. Someone may tell you something or you may catch a rumor straight from Zeus, rumor that carries news to men like nothing else. First go down to Pylos, question old King Nestor, then cross over to Sparta, to red-haired Menelaus, of all the bronze-armored Achaeans the last man back. Now, if you hear your father s alive and heading home, hard-pressed as you are, brave out one more year. If you hear he s dead, no longer among the living, then back you come to the native land you love.
12 raise his grave-mound, build his honors high with the full funeral rites that he deserves and give your mother to another husband. Then, once you ve sealed those matters, seen them through, think hard, reach down deep in your heart and soul for a way to kill these suitors in your house, by stealth or in open combat. You must not cling to your boyhood any longer it s time you were a man. Haven t you heard what glory Prince Orestes won throughout the world when he killed that cunning, murderous Aegisthus, who d killed his famous father? And you, my friend how tall and handsome I see you now be brave, you too, so men to come will sing your praises down the years. But now I must go back to my swift trim ship and all my shipmates, chafing there, I m sure, waiting for my return. It all rests with you. Take my words to heart. Oh stranger, heedful Telemachus replied, indeed I will. You ve counseled me with so much kindness now, like a father to a son. I won t forget a word. But come, stay longer, keen as you are to sail, so you can bathe and rest and lift your spirits, then go back to your ship, delighted with a gift, a prize of honor, something rare and fine as a keepsake from myself. The kind of gift a host will give a stranger, friend to friend. Her eyes glinting, Pallas declined in haste: Not now. Don t hold me here. I long to be on my way. As for the gift whatever you d give in kindness save it for my return so I can take it home. Choose something rare and fine, and a good reward that gift is going to bring you. With that promise,
13 off and away Athena the bright-eyed goddess flew like a bird in soaring flight but left his spirit filled with nerve and courage, charged with his father s memory more than ever now. He felt his senses quicken, overwhelmed with wonder this was a god, he knew it well and made at once for the suitors, a man like a god himself. Amidst them still the famous bard sang on, and they sat in silence, listening as he performed The Achaeans Journey Home from Troy, all the blows Athena doomed them to endure. And now, from high above in her room and deep in thought, she caught his inspired strains Icarius daughter Penelope, wary and reserved, and down the steep stair from her chamber she descended, not alone: two of her women followed close behind. That radiant woman, once she reached her suitors, drawing her glistening veil across her cheeks, paused now where a column propped the sturdy roof, with one of her loyal handmaids stationed either side. Suddenly, dissolving in tears and bursting through the bard s inspired voice, she cried out, Phemius! So many other songs you know to hold us spellbound, works of the gods and men that singers celebrate. Sing one of those as you sit beside them here and they drink their wine in silence. But break off this song the unendurable song that always rends the heart inside me the unforgettable grief, it wounds me most of all! How I long for my husband alive in memory, always, that great man whose fame resounds through Hellas right to the depths of Argos! Why, mother, poised Telemachus put in sharply, why deny our devoted bard the chance to entertain us any way the spirit stirs him on? Bards are not to blame
14 Zeus is to blame. He deals to each and every laborer on this earth whatever doom he pleases. Why fault the bard if he sings the Argives harsh fate? It s always the latest song, the one that echoes last in the listeners ears, that people praise the most. Courage, mother. Harden your heart, and listen. Odysseus was scarcely the only one, you know, whose journey home was blotted out at Troy. Others, so many others, died there too. So, mother, go back to your quarters. Tend to your own tasks, the distaff and the loom, and keep the women working hard as well. As for giving orders, men will see to that, but I most of all: I hold the reins of power in this house. Astonished, she withdrew to her own room. She took to heart the clear good sense in what her son had said. Climbing up to the lofty chamber with her women, she fell to weeping for Odysseus, her beloved husband, till watchful Athena sealed her eyes with welcome sleep. But the suitors broke into uproar through the shadowed halls, all of them lifting prayers to lie beside her, share her bed, until discreet Telemachus took command: You suitors who plague my mother, you, you insolent, overweening for this evening let us dine and take our pleasure, no more shouting now. What a fine thing it is to listen to such a bard as we have here the man sings like a god. But at first light we all march forth to assembly, take our seats so I can give my orders and say to you straight out: You must leave my palace! See to your feasting elsewhere, devour your own possessions, house to house by turns. But if you decide the fare is better, richer here, destroying one man s goods and going scot-free, all right then, carve away!
15 But I ll cry out to the everlasting gods in hopes that Zeus will pay you back with a vengeance all of you destroyed in my house while I go scot-free myself! So Telemachus declared. And they all bit their lips, amazed the prince could speak with so much daring. Eupithes son Antinous broke their silence: Well, Telemachus, only the gods could teach you to sound so high and mighty! Such brave talk. I pray that Zeus will never make you king of Ithaca, though your father s crown is no doubt yours by birth. But cool-headed Telemachus countered firmly: Antinous, even though my words may offend you, I d be happy to take the crown if Zeus presents it. You think that nothing worse could befall a man? It s really not so bad to be a king. All at once your palace grows in wealth, your honors grow as well. But there are hosts of other Achaean princes, look young and old, crowds of them on our island here and any one of the lot might hold the throne, now great Odysseus is dead But I ll be lord of my own house and servants, all that King Odysseus won for me by force. And now Eurymachus, Polybus son, stepped in: Surely this must lie in the gods lap, Telemachus which Achaean will lord it over seagirt Ithaca. Do hold on to your own possessions, rule your house. God forbid that anyone tear your holdings from your hands while men still live in Ithaca. But about your guest, dear boy, I have some questions. Where does he come from? Where s his country, his birth, his father s old estates? Did he bring some news of your father, his return? Or did he come on business of his own? How he leapt to his feet and off he went!
16 No waiting around for proper introductions. And no mean man, not by the looks of him, I d say. Eurymachus, Telemachus answered shrewdly, clearly my father s journey home is lost forever. I no longer trust in rumors rumors from the blue nor bother with any prophecy, when mother calls some wizard into the house to ask him questions. As for the stranger though, the man s an old family friend, from Taphos, wise Anchialus son. He says his name is Mentes, lord of the Taphian men who love their oars. So he said but deep in his mind he knew the immortal goddess. Now the suitors turned to dance and song, to the lovely beat and sway, waiting for dusk to come upon them there and the dark night came upon them, lost in pleasure. Finally, to bed. Each to his own house. Telemachus, off to his bedroom built in the fine courtyard a commanding, lofty room set well apart retired too, his spirit swarming with misgivings. His devoted nurse attended him, bearing a glowing torch, Eurycleia the daughter of Ops, Pisenor s son. Laertes had paid a price for the woman years ago, still in the bloom of youth. He traded twenty oxen, honored her on a par with his own loyal wife at home but fearing the queen s anger, never shared her bed. She was his grandson s escort now and bore a torch, for she was the one of all the maids who loved the prince the most she d nursed him as a baby. He spread the doors of his snug, well-made room, sat down on the bed and pulled his soft shirt off, tossed it into the old woman s conscientious hands, and after folding it neatly, patting it smooth, she hung it up on a peg beside his corded bed, then padded from the bedroom,
17 drawing the door shut with the silver hook, sliding the doorbolt home with its rawhide strap. There all night long, wrapped in a sheep s warm fleece, he weighed in his mind the course Athena charted.
18 Book II Telemachus Sets Sail When young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shone once more the true son of Odysseus sprang from bed and dressed, over his shoulder he slung his well-honed sword, fastened rawhide sandals under his smooth feet and stepped from his bedroom, handsome as a god. At once he ordered heralds to cry out loud and clear and summon the flowing-haired Achaeans to full assembly. Their cries rang out. The people filed in quickly. When they d grouped, crowding the meeting grounds, Telemachus strode in too, a bronze spear in his grip and not alone: two sleek hounds went trotting at his heels. And Athena lavished a marvelous splendor on the prince so the people all gazed in wonder as he came forward, the elders making way as he took his father s seat. The first to speak was an old lord, Aegyptius,
19 stooped with age, who knew the world by heart. For one dear son had sailed with King Odysseus, bound in the hollow ships to the stallion-land of Troy the spearman Antiphus but the brutal Cyclops killed him, trapped in his vaulted cave, the last man the monster ate. Three other sons he had: one who mixed with the suitors, Eurynomus, and two kept working their father s farms. Still, he never forgot the soldier, desolate in his grief. In tears for the son he lost, he rose and said among them, Hear me, men of Ithaca. Hear what I have to say. Not once have we held assembly, met in session since King Odysseus sailed in the hollow ships. Who has summoned us now one of the young men, one of the old-timers? What crisis spurs him on? Some news he s heard of an army on the march, word he s caught firsthand so he can warn us now? Or some other public matter he ll disclose and argue? He s a brave man, I d say. God be with him, too! May Zeus speed him on to a happy end, whatever his heart desires! Winning words with a lucky ring. Odysseus son rejoiced; the boy could sit no longer fired up to speak, he took his stand among the gathered men. The herald Pisenor, skilled in custom s ways, put the staff in his hand, and then the prince, addressing old Aegyptius first, led off with, Sir, that man is not far off you ll soon see for yourself I was the one who called us all together. Something wounds me deeply not news I ve heard of an army on the march, word I ve caught firsthand so I can warn you now, or some other public matter I ll disclose and argue. No, the crisis is my own. Trouble has struck my house a double blow. First, I have lost my noble father who ruled among you years ago, each of you here, and kindly as a father to his children. But now this,
20 a worse disaster that soon will grind my house down, ruin it all, and all my worldly goods in the bargain. Suitors plague my mother against her will sons of the very men who are your finest here! They d sooner die than approach her father s house so Icarius himself might see to his daughter s bridal, hand her to whom he likes, whoever meets his fancy. Not they they infest our palace day and night, they butcher our cattle, our sheep, our fat goats, feasting themselves sick, swilling our glowing wine as if there s no tomorrow all of it, squandered. Now we have no man like Odysseus in command to drive this curse from the house. We ourselves? We re hardly the ones to fight them off. All we d do is parade our wretched weakness. A boy inept at battle. Oh I d swing to attack if I had the power in me. By god, it s intolerable, what they do disgrace, my house a shambles! You should be ashamed yourselves, mortified in the face of neighbors living round about! Fear the gods wrath before they wheel in outrage and make these crimes recoil on your heads. I beg you by Olympian Zeus, by Themis too, who sets assemblies free and calls us into session stop, my friends! Leave me alone to pine away in anguish Unless, of course, you think my noble father Odysseus did the Achaean army damage, deliberate harm, and to pay me back you d do me in, deliberately setting these parasites against me. Better for me if you were devouring all my treasure, all my cattle if you were the ones, we d make amends in no time. We d approach you for reparations round the town, demanding our goods till you d returned the lot. But now, look, you load my heart with grief there s nothing I can do! Filled with anger, down on the ground he dashed the speaker s scepter bursting into tears. Pity seized the assembly.
21 All just sat there, silent no one had the heart to reply with harshness. Only Antinous, who found it in himself to say, So high and mighty, Telemachus such unbridled rage! Well now, fling your accusations at us? Think to pin the blame on us? You think again. It s not the suitors here who deserve the blame, it s your own dear mother, the matchless queen of cunning. Look here. For three years now, getting on to four, she s played it fast and loose with all our hearts, building each man s hopes dangling promises, dropping hints to each but all the while with something else in mind. This was her latest masterpiece of guile: she set up a great loom in the royal halls and she began to weave, and the weaving finespun, the yarns endless, and she would lead us on: Young men, my suitors, now that King Odysseus is no more, go slowly, keen as you are to marry me, until I can finish off this web so my weaving won t all fray and come to nothing. This is a shroud for old lord Laertes, for that day when the deadly fate that lays us out at last will take him down. I dread the shame my countrywomen would heap upon me, yes, if a man of such wealth should lie in state without a shroud for cover. Her very words, and despite our pride and passion we believed her. So by day she d weave at her great and growing web by night, by the light of torches set beside her, she would unravel all she d done. Three whole years she deceived us blind, seduced us with this scheme Then, when the wheeling seasons brought the fourth year on, one of her women, in on the queen s secret, told the truth and we caught her in the act unweaving her gorgeous web. So she finished it off. Against her will. We forced her.
22 Now Telemachus, here is how the suitors answer you you burn it in your mind, you and all our people: send your mother back! Direct her to marry whomever her father picks, whoever pleases her. So long as she persists in tormenting us, quick to exploit the gifts Athena gave her a skilled hand for elegant work, a fine mind and subtle wiles too we ve never heard the like, not even in old stories sung of all Achaea s well-coifed queens who graced the years gone by: Mycenae crowned with garlands, Tyro and Alcmena Not one could touch Penelope for intrigue, but in this case she intrigued beyond all limits. So, we will devour your worldly goods and wealth as long as she holds out, holds to that course the gods have charted deep inside her heart. Great renown she wins for herself, no doubt, great loss for you in treasure. We ll not go back to our old estates or leave for other parts, not till she weds the Argive man she fancies. But with calm good sense Telemachus replied: Antinous, how can I drive my mother from our house against her will, the one who bore me, reared me too? My father is worlds away, dead or alive, who knows? Imagine the high price I d have to pay Icarius if all on my own I send my mother home. Oh what I would suffer from her father and some dark god would hurt me even more when mother, leaving her own house behind, calls down her withering Furies on my head, and our people s cries of shame would hound my heels. I will never issue that ultimatum to my mother. And you, if you have any shame in your own hearts, you must leave my palace! See to your feasting elsewhere, devour your own possessions, house to house by turns. But if you decide the fare is better, richer here, destroying one man s goods and going scot-free, all right then, carve away!
23 But I ll cry out to the everlasting gods in hopes that Zeus will pay you back with a vengeance all of you destroyed in my house while I go scot-free myself! And to seal his prayer, farseeing Zeus sent down a sign. He launched two eagles soaring high from a mountain ridge and down they glided, borne on the wind s draft a moment, wing to wingtip, pinions straining taut till just above the assembly s throbbing hum they whirled, suddenly, wings thrashing, wild onslaught of wings and banking down at the crowd s heads a glaring, fatal sign talons slashing each other, tearing cheeks and throats they swooped away on the right through homes and city. All were dumbstruck, watching the eagles trail from sight, people brooding, deeply, what might come to pass Until the old warrior Halitherses, Mastor s son, broke the silence for them: the one who outperformed all men of his time at reading bird-signs, sounding out the omens, rose and spoke, distraught for each man there: Hear me, men of Ithaca! Hear what I have to say, though my revelations strike the suitors first of all a great disaster is rolling like a breaker toward their heads. Clearly Odysseus won t be far from loved ones any longer now, right now, he s somewhere near, I tell you, breeding bloody death for all these suitors here, pains aplenty too for the rest of us who live in Ithaca s sunlit air. Long before that, we must put heads together, find some way to stop these men, or let them stop themselves. Better for them that way, by far. I myself am no stranger to prophecy I can see it now! Odysseus all is working out for him, I say, just as I said it would that day the Argives sailed for Troy and the mastermind of battle boarded with them. I said then: after many blows, and all his shipmates lost, after twenty years had wheeled by, he would come home.
24 unrecognized by all and now, look, it all comes to pass! Stop, old man! Eurymachus, Polybus son, rose up to take him on. Go home and babble your omens to your children save them from some catastrophe coming soon. I m a better hand than you at reading portents. Flocks of birds go fluttering under the sun s rays, not all are fraught with meaning. Odysseus? He s dead now, far from home would to god that you d died with him too. We d have escaped your droning prophecies then and the way you ve loosed the dogs of this boy s anger your eyes peeled for a house-gift he might give you. Here s my prophecy, bound to come to pass. If you, you old codger, wise as the ages, talk him round, incite the boy to riot, he ll be the first to suffer, let me tell you. And you, old man, we ll clap some fine on you you ll weep to pay, a fine to crush your spirit! Telemachus? Here in front of you all, here s my advice for him. Let him urge his mother back to her father s house her kin will arrange the wedding, provide the gifts, the array that goes with a daughter dearly loved. Not till then, I d say, will the island princes quit their taxing courtship. Who s there to fear? I ask you. Surely not Telemachus, with all his tiresome threats. Nor do we balk, old man, at the prophecies you mouth they ll come to grief, they ll make us hate you more. The prince s wealth will be devoured as always, mercilessly no reparations, ever not while the queen drags out our hopes to wed her, waiting, day after day, all of us striving hard to win one matchless beauty. Never courting others, bevies of brides who d suit each noble here.
25 Telemachus answered, firm in his resolve: Eurymachus the rest of you fine, brazen suitors I have done with appeals to you about these matters. I ll say no more. The gods know how things stand and so do all the Achaeans. And now all I ask is a good swift ship and a crew of twenty men to speed me through my passage out and back. I m sailing off to Sparta, sandy Pylos too, for news of my long-lost father s journey home. Someone may tell me something or I may catch a rumor straight from Zeus, rumor that carries news to men like nothing else. Now, if I hear my father s alive and heading home, hard-pressed as I am, I ll brave out one more year. If I hear he s dead, no longer among the living, then back I ll come to the native land I love, raise his grave-mound, build his honors high with the full funeral rites that he deserves and give my mother to another husband. A declaration, and the prince sat down as Mentor took the floor, Odysseus friend-in-arms to whom the king, sailing off to Troy, committed his household, ordering one and all to obey the old man and he would keep things steadfast and secure. With deep concern for the realm, he rose and warned, Hear me, men of Ithaca. Hear what I have to say. Never let any sceptered king be kind and gentle now, not with all his heart, or set his mind on justice no, let him be cruel and always practice outrage. Think: not one of the people whom he ruled remembers Odysseus now, that godlike man, and kindly as a father to his children! I don t grudge these arrogant suitors for a moment, weaving their violent work with all their wicked hearts they lay their lives on the line when they consume Odysseus worldly goods, blind in their violence, telling themselves that he ll come home no more. But all the rest of you, how you rouse my fury!
26 Sitting here in silence never a word put forth to curb these suitors, paltry few as they are and you so many. Mentor! Euenor s son Leocritus rounded on him, shouting, Rabble-rousing fool, now what s this talk? Goading them on to try and hold us back! It s uphill work, I warn you, fighting a force like ours for just a meal. Even if Odysseus of Ithaca did arrive in person, to find us well-bred suitors feasting in his halls, and the man were hell-bent on routing us from the palace little joy would his wife derive from his return, for all her yearning. Here on the spot he d meet a humiliating end if he fought against such odds. You re talking nonsense idiocy. No more. Come, dissolve the assembly. Each man return to his holdings. Mentor and Halitherses can speed our young prince on, his father s doddering friends since time began. He ll sit tight a good long while, I trust, scrabbling for news right here in Ithaca he ll never make that trip. This broke up the assembly, keen to leave. The people scattered quickly, each to his own house, while the suitors strolled back to King Odysseus palace. Telemachus, walking the beach now, far from others, washed his hands in the foaming surf and prayed to Pallas: Dear god, hear me! Yesterday you came to my house, you told me to ship out on the misty sea and learn if father, gone so long, is ever coming home Look how my countrymen the suitors most of all, the pernicious bullies foil each move I make. Athena came to his prayer from close at hand, for all the world with Mentor s build and voice,
27 and she urged him on with winging words: Telemachus, you ll lack neither courage nor sense from this day on, not if your father s spirit courses through your veins now there was a man, I d say, in words and action both! So how can your journey end in shipwreck or defeat? Only if you were not his stock, Penelope s too, then I d fear your hopes might come to grief. Few sons are the equals of their fathers; most fall short, all too few surpass them. But you, brave and adept from this day on Odysseus cunning has hardly given out in you there s every hope that you will reach your goal. Put them out of your mind, these suitors schemes and plots. They re madmen. Not a shred of sense or decency in the crowd. Nor can they glimpse the death and black doom hovering just at their heads to crush them all in one short day. But you, the journey that stirs you now is not far off, not with the likes of me, your father s friend and yours, to rig you a swift ship and be your shipmate too. Now home you go and mix with the suitors there. But get your rations ready, pack them all in vessels, the wine in jars, and barley-meal the marrow of men s bones in durable skins, while I make rounds in town and quickly enlist your crew of volunteers. Lots of ships in seagirt Ithaca, old and new. I ll look them over, choose the best in sight, we ll fit her out and launch her into the sea at once! And so Athena, daughter of Zeus, assured him. No lingering now he heard the goddess voice but back he went to his house with aching heart and there at the palace found the brazen suitors skinning goats in the courtyard, singeing pigs for roasting. Antinous, smiling warmly, sauntered up to the prince, grasped his hand and coaxed him, savoring his name: Telemachus, my high and mighty, fierce young friend, no more nursing those violent words and actions now.
28 Come, eat and drink with us, just like the old days. Whatever you want our people will provide. A ship and a picked crew to speed you to holy Pylos, out for the news about your noble father. But self-possessed Telemachus drew the line: Antinous, now how could I dine with you in peace and take my pleasure? You ruffians carousing here! Isn t it quite enough that you, my mother s suitors, have ravaged it all, my very best, these many years, while I was still a boy? But now that I m full-grown and can hear the truth from others, absorb it too now, yes, that the anger seethes inside me I ll stop at nothing to hurl destruction at your heads, whether I go to Pylos or sit tight here at home. But the trip I speak of will not end in failure. Go I will, as a passenger, nothing more, since I don t seem to command my own crew. That, I m sure, is the way that suits you best. With this he nonchalantly drew his hand from Antinous hand while the suitors, busy feasting in the halls, mocked and taunted him, flinging insults now. God help us, one young buck kept shouting, he wants to slaughter us all! He s off to sandy Pylos to hire cutthroats, even Sparta perhaps, so hot to have our heads. Why, he d rove as far as Ephyra s dark rich soil and run back home with lethal poison, slip it into the bowl and wipe us out with drink! Who knows? another young blade up and ventured. Off in that hollow ship of his, he just might drown, far from his friends, a drifter like his father. What a bore! He d double our work for us, splitting up his goods, parceling out his house to his mother and the man who weds the queen. So they scoffed
29 but Telemachus headed down to his father s storeroom, broad and vaulted, piled high with gold and bronze, chests packed with clothing, vats of redolent oil, And there, standing in close ranks against the wall, were jars of seasoned, mellow wine, holding the drink unmixed inside them, fit for a god, waiting the day Odysseus, worn by hardships, might come home again. Doors, snugly fitted, doubly hung, were bolted shut and a housekeeper was in charge by night and day her care, her vigilance, guarding all those treasures Eurycleia the daughter of Ops, Pisenor s son. Telemachus called her into the storeroom: Come, nurse, draw me off some wine in smaller traveling jars, mellow, the finest vintage you ve been keeping, next to what you reserve for our unlucky king in case Odysseus might drop in from the blue and cheat the deadly spirits, make it home. Fill me an even dozen, seal them tightly. Pour me barley in well-stitched leather bags, twenty measures of meal, your stone-ground best. But no one else must know. These rations now, put them all together. I ll pick them up myself, toward evening, just about the time that mother climbs to her room and thinks of turning in. I m sailing off to Sparta, sandy Pylos too, for news of my dear father s journey home. Perhaps I ll catch some rumor. A wail of grief and his fond old nurse burst out in protest, sobbing: Why, dear child, what craziness got into your head? Why bent on rambling over the face of the earth? a darling only son! Your father s worlds away, god s own Odysseus, dead in some strange land. And these brutes here, just wait, the moment you re gone they ll all be scheming against you. Kill you by guile, they will, and carve your birthright up in pieces. No, sit tight here, guard your own things here. Don t go roving over the barren salt sea
30 no need to suffer so! Courage, old woman, thoughtful Telemachus tried to reassure her, there s a god who made this plan. But swear you won t say anything to my mother. Not till ten or a dozen days have passed or she misses me herself and learns I m gone. She mustn t mar her lovely face with tears. The old one swore a solemn oath to the gods and vowing she would never breathe a word, quickly drew off wine in two-eared jars and poured barley in well-stitched leather bags. Telemachus returned to the hall and joined the suitors. Then bright-eyed Pallas thought of one more step. Disguised as the prince, the goddess roamed through town, pausing beside each likely crewman, giving orders: Gather beside our ship at nightfall be there. She asked Noëmon, Phronius generous son, to lend her a swift ship. M96 swedish mauser serial numbers. He gladly volunteered. The sun sank and the roads of the world grew dark. Now the goddess hauled the swift ship down to the water, stowed in her all the tackle well-rigged vessels carry, moored her well away at the harbor s very mouth and once the crew had gathered, rallying round, she heartened every man. Then bright-eyed Pallas thought of one last thing. Back she went to King Odysseus halls and there she showered sweet oblivion over the suitors, dazing them as they drank, knocking cups from hands. No more loitering now, their eyes weighed down with sleep, they rose and groped through town to find their beds. But calling the prince outside his timbered halls, taking the build and voice of Mentor once again, flashing-eyed Athena urged him on: Telemachus,
31 your comrades-at-arms are ready at the oars, waiting for your command to launch. So come, on with our voyage now, we re wasting time. And Pallas Athena sped away in the lead as he followed in her footsteps, man and goddess. Once they reached the ship at the water s edge they found their long-haired shipmates on the beach. The prince, inspired, gave his first commands: Come, friends, get the rations aboard! They re piled in the palace now. My mother knows nothing of this. No servants either. Only one has heard our plan. He led them back and the men fell in and fetched down all the stores and stowed them briskly, deep in the well-ribbed holds as Odysseus son directed. Telemachus climbed aboard. Athena led the way, assuming the pilot s seat reserved astern, and he sat close beside her. Cables cast off, the crew swung to the oarlocks. Bright-eyed Athena sent them a stiff following wind rippling out of the west, ruffling over the wine-dark sea as Telemachus shouted out commands to all his shipmates: All lay hands to tackle! They sprang to orders, hoisting the pinewood mast, they stepped it firm in its block amidships, lashed it fast with stays and with braided rawhide halyards hauled the white sail high. Suddenly wind hit full and the canvas bellied out and a dark blue wave, foaming up at the bow, sang out loud and strong as the ship made way, skimming the whitecaps, cutting toward her goal. All running gear secure in the swift black craft, they set up bowls and brimmed them high with wine and poured libations out to the everlasting gods who never die to Athena first of all, the daughter of Zeus with flashing sea-gray eyes and the ship went plunging all night long and through the dawn.
32 Book III King Nestor Remembers As the sun sprang up, leaving the brilliant waters in its wake, climbing the bronze sky to shower light on immortal gods and mortal men across the plowlands ripe with grain the ship pulled into Pylos, Neleus storied citadel, where the people lined the beaches, sacrificing sleek black bulls to Poseidon, god of the sea-blue mane who shakes the earth. They sat in nine divisions, each five hundred strong, each division offering up nine bulls, and while the people tasted the innards, burned the thighbones for the god, the craft and crew came heading straight to shore. Striking sail, furling it in the balanced ship, they moored her well and men swung down on land. Telemachus climbed out last, Athena far in front and the bright-eyed goddess urged the prince along:
33 Telemachus, no more shyness, this is not the time! We sailed the seas for this, for news of your father where does he lie buried? what fate did he meet? So go right up to Nestor, breaker of horses. We ll make him yield the secrets of his heart. Press him yourself to tell the whole truth: he ll never lie the man is far too wise. The prince replied, wise in his own way too, How can I greet him, Mentor, even approach the king? I m hardly adept at subtle conversation. Someone my age might feel shy, what s more, interrogating an older man. Telemachus, the bright-eyed goddess Athena reassured him, some of the words you ll find within yourself, the rest some power will inspire you to say. You least of all I know were born and reared without the gods good will. And Pallas Athena sped away in the lead as he followed in her footsteps man and goddess gained the place where the Pylians met and massed. There sat Nestor among his sons as friends around them decked the banquet, roasted meats and skewered strips for broiling. As soon as they saw the strangers, all came crowding down, waving them on in welcome, urging them to sit. Nestor s son Pisistratus, first to reach them, grasped their hands and sat them down at the feast on fleecy throws spread out along the sandbanks, flanking his brother Thrasymedes and his father. He gave them a share of innards, poured some wine in a golden cup and, lifting it warmly toward Athena, daughter of Zeus whose shield is storm and thunder, greeted the goddess now with an invitation: Say a prayer to lord Poseidon, stranger, his is the feast you ve found on your arrival. But once you ve made your libation and your prayer
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The Iliad Pdf Fagles
More informationThe great epic of Western literature, translated by the acclaimed classicist Robert Fagles
A Penguin Classic
Robert Fagles, winner of the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation and a 1996 Academy Award in Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, presents us with Homer's best-loved and most accessible poem in a stunning modern-verse translation. 'Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy.' So begins Robert Fagles' magnificent translation of the Odyssey, which Jasper Griffin in the New York Times Book Review hails as 'a distinguished achievement.'
If the Iliad is the world's greatest war epic, the Odyssey is literature's grandest evocation of an everyman's journey through life. Odysseus' reliance on his wit and wiliness for survival in his encounters with divine and natural forces during his ten-year voyage home to Ithaca after the Trojan War is at once a timeless human story and an individual test of moral endurance. In the myths and legends retold here,
Fagles has captured the energy and poetry of Homer's original in a bold, contemporary idiom, and given us an Odyssey to read aloud, to savor, and to treasure for its sheer lyrical mastery. Renowned classicist Bernard Knox's superb introduction and textual commentary provide insightful background information for the general reader and scholar alike, intensifying the strength of Fagles's translation. This is an Odyssey to delight both the classicist and the general reader, to captivate a new generation of Homer's students. This Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition features French flaps and deckle-edged paper.
Homer The Odyssey Robert Fagles
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
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